Which items are considered specific protections against disease?

Which items are considered specific protections against disease?

• A. Immunizations, attention to personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, protection from occupational hazards, protection from accidents, adequate nutrients, protection from carcinogens
• B. Only immunizations
• C. Personal preferences
• D. Genetic testing

Answer: (A)

The main idea is preventive actions that stop disease before it happens, including measures with a direct, disease-specific effect as well as overall steps that reduce illness risk. Immunizations provide protection against specific infections by training the immune system, which is a clear example of a disease-specific preventive measure. The remaining items—attention to personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, protection from occupational hazards, protection from accidents, adequate nutrients, and protection from carcinogens—are all preventive actions that reduce the likelihood of illness in general, supporting health and lowering disease risk. Together, they represent a comprehensive set of primary prevention strategies. The other options fall short because they isolate a single measure, focus on personal preferences, or involve genetic testing, which doesn’t directly prevent disease.

The main idea is preventive actions that stop disease before it happens, including measures with a direct, disease-specific effect as well as overall steps that reduce illness risk. Immunizations provide protection against specific infections by training the immune system, which is a clear example of a disease-specific preventive measure. The remaining items—attention to personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, protection from occupational hazards, protection from accidents, adequate nutrients, and protection from carcinogens—are all preventive actions that reduce the likelihood of illness in general, supporting health and lowering disease risk. Together, they represent a comprehensive set of primary prevention strategies. The other options fall short because they isolate a single measure, focus on personal preferences, or involve genetic testing, which doesn’t directly prevent disease.